- 01 Using FGDs to Validate Survey Modules Uses structured group discussions to test whether survey questions are understood as intended before large-scale administration
- 03 Qualitative Coding for Survey Instrument Development Derives survey items grounded in respondent language by systematically coding qualitative data before instrument construction
- 04 Most Significant Change Method Collects and systematically selects stories of significant change from program participants to capture unanticipated outcomes and program theory
- 05 Outcome Mapping & Harvesting Tracks changes in behaviour and relationships among the actors a programme works with, rather than measuring final outcomes in beneficiaries